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I 


THE 

FRENCH  REVOLUTION 

1789-1799 


A SYLLABUS  OF  THIRTY-TWO  ASSIGNMENTS 
PREPARED  FOR  CLASSES  IN  THE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  KANSAS 


By  CARL  BECKER 


PRESS  OF  THE 

DEPARTMENT  OF  JOURNALISM 
UNIVERSITY  OF  KANSAS 
LAWRENCE 

1912 


C 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

A. 

The  following  books  are  of  a suflBciently  general  nature  to 
be  useful  throughout  the  course. 

— 1. — Acton,  Lord.  The  Cambridge  Modern  History,  Vol. 
' mi.  The  French  Revolution.  London,  1904. 

— 2. — Anderson,  F.  M.  The  Constitutions  and  other  select 

Documents  Illustrative  of  the  History  of  France,  1789- 
1901.  H.  W.  Wilson  Co.,  Minneapolis,  1904. 

_ 3. — Aulard,  F.  A.  Histoire  politique  de  la  Revolution 
frangaise:  Origines  et  developpement  de  la  Demo- 
cratie  et  de  la  Repuhlique.  Paris.  1901.  (English 
translation  by  Bernard  Miall.  4 vols.  New  York, 
1910.) 

4.  — Blanc,  L.  Histoire  de  la  Revolution.  12  vols.  Paris, 

1847-62. 

5.  — Boursin,  E.,  et  Challamel,  J.  B.  Dictionnaire  de 

la  Revolution  frangaise.  Paris,  1893. 

6. — Cheruel,  A.  Dictionnaire  historique  des  institutions 

moeurs  et  coutumes.  de  la  France.  2 vols.  Paris,  1880. 

7.  — Jaures,  J.  Histoire  socialiste.  5 vols.  Paris.  (Vol- 

ume V is  by  Deville) . 

8.  — Kropotkin,  Prince.  The  Great  French  Revolution. 

New  York,  1909. 

* 9. — Lavisse,  E.,  et  Rambaud,  A.  Histoire  generate.  Tome 
VIII.  Revolution  frangaise.  Paris. 

10.  — Madelin,  L.  La  Revolution.  Paris,  1911. 

11.  — Michelet,  J.  Histoire  de  la  Rel)olution  frangaise. 

7 vols.  Paris,  1847-53. 

12.  — Mignet,  A.  F.  Histoire  de  la  Revolution  frangaise. 

2 vols.  Paris,  1824.  (English  Translation  in  2 
volumes.  London,  1826.) 

13.  — Quinet,  E.  La  Revolution.  2 vols.  Paris,  1865. 

14.  — Rambaud,  A.  Histoire  de  la  civilization  contemporaine 

en  France.  Paris,  1909. 

15.  — Robinet,  J.  F.  E.  Dictionnaire  de  la  Revolution 

et  de  VEmpire.  Paris,  1899. 

16.  — Rose,  J.  H.  The  Revolution  and  Napoleonic  Era. 

Cambridge,  1901. 


17.  — Sorel,  A.  UEurope  et  la  Revolution  frangaise. 

5 vols.  Paris,  1885-1903. 

18.  — Stephens,  H.  M.  European  History^  1789-1815, 

London,  1893. 

19.  — Sybel,  H.  von.  Geschichte  der  Revolutionzeit  von 

1789  his  1800,  5 vols.  Stuttgart,  1853-79.  (French 

translation  in  6 vols.,  1869-88;  English  translation 
in  4 vols.,  1867-69.) 

20.  — Taine,  H.  La  Revolution  frangaise,  3 vols.  Paris, 

1878-1885.  (English  translation  by  Durand,  in 
3 yol.,  1878-1885.) 

21.  — Thiers,  L.  A.  Histoire  de  la  -Revolution  frangaise, 

10  vols.  Paris,  1823-27.  (English  translation  in 
5 vols.,  1881.) 

B. 

The  following  books  will  be  found  useful  for  particular 
periods  or  subjects. 

22.  — Acton,  Lord.  Lectures  on  the  French  Revolution, 

London,  1910. 

23.  — Aulard,  F.  A.  Le  culte  de  la  Raison  et  le  culte  de 

VEtre  Supreme,^  Paris,  1892. 

24.  — Aulard,  F.  A.  Etudes  et  legons  sur  la  Revolutionfran- 

gaise,  6 vols.  Paris,  1896-1910. 

25.  — Beesley,  A.  H.  A Life  of  Danton.  London,  1899. 

26.  — Belloc,  H.  Danloriy  a Study.  London,  1899. 

27.  — Belloc,  H.  Robus^rreL  a Study.  New  York,  1901. 

28.  — Bourne,  H.  E.  American  Constitutional  Precedents 

in  the  French  National  Assembly.  Am.  Hist,  Rev. 
VIII,  466. 

29.  — Bourne,  H.  E.  Municipal  Politics  in  Paris  in  1789. 

Am.  Hist.  Rev.  X,  263. 

30.  — Bourne,  H.  E.  Improvising  a Government  in  Paris 

in  July,  1789.  Am.  Hist.  Rev.  X,  280. 

31.  — Bournisien,  Ch.  La  vente  des  biens  nationaux. 

Revue  Historiquey  XCIX,  244;  C,  15. 

32.  — Broesch,  F.  Commune  du  10  Aout,  1792.  Etude 

sur  V histoire  de  Paris  du  20  juin  au  2 decembre, 
1792.  Paris,  1911. 

33.  — Champion,  Edme.  La  separation  de  V Eglise  et  de 

VEtat  en  1794.  Paris,  1903. 


5 


34.  — Champion,  Edme.  La  France  d'apres  les  Cahiers  de 

1789,  Paris,  1897. 

35.  — Chenest,  A.  La  chute  de  VAncien  Regime.  % vols. 

Paris,  1884-86. 

36.  — Chuquet,  A.  Les  guerres  de  la  Revolution.  10  vols. 

Paris,  1886-94. 

37.  — Claretie,  J.  Camille  Desmoulins  and  his  Wife.  Trans- 

lated by  Mrs.  Cashel  Hoey.  London,  1876. 

38.  — Doniol,  H.  La  Revolution  frangaise  et  la  feodalite. 

Paris,  1874. 

39.  — Erdmannsdorffer,  B.  Miraheau.  Leipzig,  1900. 

40.  — Faguet,  E,  and  others.  UOeuvre  sociale  de  la 

Revolution . Paris . 

41.  — Fling,  F.  M.  Miraheau  and  the  French  Revolution. 

3 vols.  New  York,  1908.  (First  volume  only  has 
been  published.)  * 

42.  — Forestie,  L.  E.  La  grand  peur  de  1789.  Mon- 

tauban,  1911. 

43.  — Glagau,  H.  Reformversuche  und  Sturz  des  Abso- 

lutismus  in  Frankreichy  1774-1788.  Berlin,  1908. 

44.  — Gomel,  C.  Les  causes  financieres  de  la  Revolution 

frangaise.  2 vols.  Paris,  1892-93. 

45.  — Gomel,  C.  UHistoire  financiere  de  F Assembles 

Constituante.  2 vols.  Paris,  1896-97. 

46.  — Gomel,  C.  L^Histoire  financiere  de  la  Legislative  et 

de  la  Convention.  Paris,  1902. 

47.  — Goncourt,  E.,et  J.  de.  Histoire  de  la  sociHe  frangaise 

pendant  la  Revolution.  Paris,  1854. 

48.  — Goucourt  E.,  et  J.  de.  Histoire  de  la  societe  fran- 

gaise pendant  le  Directoire.  Paris,  1855. 

49.  — Gorce,  P.  de  la.  Histoire  religieuse  de  la  Revolution 

frangaise.  Paris,  1909. 

50.  — Hatin,  L.  E.  Histoire  politique  et  litteraire  de  la 

presse  en  France.  8 vols.  Paris,  1859-61. 

51.  — Hazen,  C.  D.  Contemporary  American  Opinion  of 

the  French  Revolution.  (Johns  Hopkins  University 
Studies,  1897.) 

52.  — Janet,  P.  Philosophie  de  la  Revolution.  Paris,  1875. 

53.  — Lamartine,  A.  de.  History  of  the  GirondistSy  or  Per- 

sonal Memoirs  of  the  Patriots  of  the  French  Revolution. 
Translated  by  H.  T.  Ryde.  3 vols.  London,  1878. 


6 


54.  — Lavisse,  E.  Histoire  de  France.  Tome  IX.  Le 

regne  de  Louis  XVI.  (1774-1789.)  Paris,- 1910. 

55.  — Legg,  L.  G.  W.  Select  Documents  Illustrative  oj  the 

History  of  the  French  Revolution.  2 vols.  Oxford, 
1905. 

56.  — Levasseur,  E.  The  Assignats.  Jour,  of  Pol.  Econ. 

March,  1894. 

57.  — Lincoln,  C.  H.  The  Cahiers  of  1789  as  an  Evidence 

of  a Compromise  Spirit.  Am.  Hist.  Rev.  II,  225. 

58.  — Lowell,  E.  J.  Eve  of  the  French  Revolution.  Boston, 

1892. 

59.  — Mac  Lehose,  S.  H.  The  Last  Days  of  The  French 

Monarchy.  Glasgow.  1901. 

60. — Mac  Lehose,  S.  H.  From  Monarchy  to  Republic  in 

France,  1788-1792.  Glasgow,  1904. 

61.  — Mahan,  A.  T.  The  Influence  of  Sea  Power  upon  the 

French  Revolution.  2 vols.  London,  1893. 

62.  — Mallet,  B.  Mallet  du  Pan  and  the  French  Revolution. 

London,  1902. 

63.  — Marion,  M.  La  vente  des  hiens  nationaux  pendant 

la  Revolution.  Paris,  1908. 

64.  — Masson,  F.  Le  Departement  des  A ffaires  Etrangeres 

pendant  la  Revolution,  1787-180^.  Paris,  1877. 

65.  — Mathiez,  A.  La  Theophilanthrope  etla  Culte  decadaire. 

Paris,  1904. 

66.  — Mathiez,  A.  Les  origines  des  Cultes  revolutionnaire, 

1789-92.  Paris,  1904. 

67.  — Mathiez,  A.  Les  clubs  Cordeliers.  Paris,  1910. 

68.  — Mathiez,  A.  Rome  et  la  Clerge  frangaise  sous  la 

Constituante.  Paris,  1911. 

69.  — Miles,  W.  A.  The  Correspondence  of  William  A.  Miles 

on  the  French  Revolution,  1789-1817 . 2 vols.  London, 

1890. 

70.  — Mirabeau,  G.  H.  R.  Comte  de.  Correspond ance  eiitre 

le  Comte  de  Mirabeau  et  la  Comte  de  la  March  (1789- 
1791)  publiee  par  Ad.  de  Barcourt.  Bruxelles,  1851. 

71.  — Morley,  J.  Voltaire.  London,  1895. 

72.  — Morley,  J.  Rousseau.  2 vols.  London,  1895. 

73.  — Morley,  J.  Diderot  and  the  Encyclopaedists.  2 vols. 

London,  1895. 


7 


74. — Morley,  J.  Critical  Miscellanies,  3 vols.  London, 

^1894-95. 

75. =— ^Morris,  G.  Diary  and  Letters,  2 vols.  New  York, 

1888. 

76.  — Perkins,  J.  B.  France  under  Louis  XV,  2 vols. 

Boston,  1897. 

77.  — Pickford,  M.  A.  The  Panic  of  1789  in  Touraine. 

Eng.  Hist.  Rev.  XXVI,  703. 

78.  — Rambaud,  A.  Histoire  de  la  civilization  *frangaise. 

2 vols.  Paris,  1900-1901. 

79.  — Robinet,  J.  F.  E.  Danton,  homme  d'Etat.  Paris, 

1889. 

80.  — Rocheterie,  M.  The  Life  of  Marie  Antoinette.  Trans- 

lated by  Cora  H.  Bell.  2 vols.  London,  1893. 

81.  — Rocquain,  F.  The  Revolutionary  Spirit  Preceding 

the  French  Revolution.  Condensed  and  translated 
by  J.  D.  Hunting.  London,  1891. 

82.  — Rose,  J.  H.  Great  Britain  and  the  Dutch  Question, 

1787-88.  Am.  Hist.  Rev.  XIV,  262. 

83.  — Sagnac,  P.  H.  La  legislation  civile  de  la  Revolution, 

1789-180^.  Paris,  1898. 

84.  — Say,  L.  Turgot.  Paris,  1887. 

85.  — Sloane,  W.  M.  The  French  Revolution  and  Religious 

Reform,  1789-180^.  New  York,  1901. 

86. — Stephens,  H.  M.  The  Principal  Speeches  of  the 

Statesmen  and  Orators  of  the  French  Revolution,  1789- 
95.  2.  vols.  Oxford,  1892. 

87.  — Stephens,  H.  M.  The  French  Revolution.  2 vols. 

London,  1886-91. 

88.  — Stephens,  W.  W.  The  Life  and  Writings  of  Turgot. 

London,  1895. 

89.  — Stern,  A.  Das  Leben  Miraheaus.  2 vols.  Berlin, 

1889. 

90.  — Taine,  H.  A.  Ancient  Regime.  New  York,  1888. 

91.  — Talleyrand,  C.  M.  de.  Memoirs  of  the  Prince  de 

Talleyrand.  Edited  by  the  Due  de  Broglie.  Trans- 
lated by  R.  L.  de  Beaufort.  5 vols.  New  York, 
1891. 

92.  — Ten  Brink,  J.  Robespierre  and  the  Red  Terror. 

Translated  from  the  Dutch  by  J.  Hedeman.  Lon- 
don, 1899. 


8 


^ 95. — Tocqueville,  Comte  C.  A.  de.  L'Ancien  Regime  et 

la  Revolution.  Paris,- 1856.  (Tanslated  as  The  Old 
Regime  and  the  Revolution.  New  York,  1856.) 

94. ^ — Wadia,  P.  A.  The  Philosophers  and  the  French  Re- 

volution. London,  1904. 

95.  — Wahl,  A.  Robespierre,  ein  Vortrag.  Tubingen,  1910. 

96.  — Willert  P.  F.  Mirabeau.  London,  1898. 

— • 97. — Young,  A.  Travels  in  France  during  the  Years  1787, 
1788  and  1789.  2 vols.  Bury  St.  Edmunds,  1792- 

94.  (Many  later  editions.) 


C. 

Atlases. 

. 98. — Dow,  E.  W.  Atlas  of  European  History.  New  York, 
1907. 

99. — Schrader,  F.  Atlas  de  geographie  historique.  Paris. 

1907. 

100.  — Shepherd,  W.  R.  Historical  Atlas.  New  York,  1911. 

101.  — Spruner-Menke.  Hand- Atlas  die  Geschichte  des  Mit- 

telalters  und  der  neueren  Zeit.  Gotha,  1880. 

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CONTENTS 


A.  — The  Old  Regime  in  France. 

1.  — Territorial  divisions. 

2.  — Class  divisions:  clergy  and  nobility. 

3.  — Class  divisions:  bourgeoisie  and  peasantry. 

4.  — Organization  of  the  monarchy. 

B.  — Beginning  of  the  Reform  Movement. 

5.  — The  intellectual  revolution  of  the  eighteenth  century. 

6.  — Enlightened  despots  and  their  reforms. 

7.  — Attempted  reform  under  Louis  XVI. 

C. — The  Revolution  of  1789-1791. 

8.  — Creation  of  the  National  Assemply. 

9.  — The  popular  revolutions  of  July,  1789. 

10.  — Constitutional  legislation,  1789. 

11.  — Constitutional  legislation,  1790-1791. 

12.  — The  king  and  the  emigres. 

13.  — The  constitution  of  1791. 

D.  — The  Fall  of  the  Monarchy. 

14.  — The  Revolution  and  foreign  relations. 

15.  — Opening  of  the  Legislative  Assembly:  party  divisions. 

16.  — The  war  with  Austria,  April  to  June,  1792. 

17.  — The  suspension  of  the  king. 

18.  — The  Republic  established. 

19.  — The  Convention  and  the  propaganda. 

20.  — Execution  of  the  king  and  the  first  Coalition. 

E.  — The  Reign  of  Terror. 

21.  — Beginning  of  Terror  government  under  the  Convention. 

22.  — The  Constitution  of  the  Year  I. 

23.  — The  levee-en-masse. 

24.  — The  laws  of  September. 

25.  — The  organization  of  the  Terror:  repulse  of  the  Coalition. 

26.  — The  fall  of  Hebert  and  Danton. 

27.  — Supremacy  and  fall  of  Robespierre. 

F.  — Reaction:  the  Directory. 

28.  — Period  of  Thermidor:  July,  1794  to  October,  1795. 

29.  — The  Constitution  of  the  Year  III. 

30.  — Royalist  reaction:  the  18  Fructidor. 

31.  — Rise  of  Bonaparte. 

32.  — The  18  Brumaire  and  the  Constitution  of  the  Year  VIII. 


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II 


A. 

The  Old  Regime  in  France. 

^ /. — Territorial  Divisions, 

1.  — Provinces:  origin  and  number;  pays  d'etat  and  pays 

d'election. 

2.  — Governments:  origin,  number,  purpose. 

3.  — Generalities  and  Intendancies. 

4.  — Customs  divisions:  the  five  great  farms;  provinces 

reputed  foreign;  provinces  effectively  foreign. 

5.  — Salt  tax  divisions. 

6.  — Legal  divisions:  country  of  the  customary  law,  country 

of  the  written  law. 


12 


A. 

The  Old  Regime  in  France. 

II, — Class  Divisions:  Clergy  and  Nobility, 

1. — Clergy. 

a.  — Secular  clergy : different  ranks  ;liow  appointed ; 

duties. 

b.  — Regular  clergy:  principal  orders;  noble 

chapters;  abbeys  in  commendation. 

c.  — Privileges:  financial — property,  income;  jw- 

dicial — ecclesiastical  courts,  organization, 
jurisdiction;  educational, 

2,  — Nobility. 

a.  — Kinds  of  nobility. 

b.  — Careers  open  to  nobles. 

c.  — Wealth  of  nobility. 


13 


A. 

The  Old  Regime  In  France. 

Ill, — Class  Divisions:  Bourgeoisie  and  Peasantry, 

1.  — Meaning  of  term  Third  Estate. 

2 . — Bourgeoisie . 

a.  — Gild  organization  of  industry. 

b.  — Class  divisions  within  the  Bourgeoisie : high 

and  low  bourgeoisie;  artisans. 

3.  — Peasants. 

a.  — Tenures  in  land. 

b.  — Peasant  and  the  nobility:  seigneurial  rights. 

c.  — Peasant  and  the  king:  taxes,  regulation  of 

agriculture. 

d.  — Was  the  condition  of  the  peasants  improving 

in  last  part  of  the  eighteenth  century.^ 


14 


1- 

A. 

The  Old  Regime  In  France. 

IV. — Organization  of  the  Monarchy. 

1.  — Historical  and  theoretical  basis  of  the  monarchy. 

2.  — Organization  of  the  central  government. 

a.  — Estates  General. 

b .  — Parlemen  ts . 

c.  — Administrative  councils. 

3.  — Local  government. 

a.  — Provincial  Estates. 

b .  — Municipalities . 

c.  — Intendants  and  their  powers. 

4.  — Taxes:  tailUy  gabelle,  aides  and  douanes,  vingtieme, 

capitation. 

5.  — Judicial  system:  variety  in  systems  of  courts  and  law. 


15 


B. 

Beginning  Of  The  Reform  Movement. 

V. — The  Intellectual  Revolution  of  the  Eighteenth  Century. 

1.  — The  “Philosophers”  of  the  eighteenth  century;  meaning 

of  the  term. 

2.  — Influence  of  John  Locke  on  French  thought  in  the 

eighteenth  century. 

3.  — Voltaire. 

a.  — Extent  of  his  influence  and  how  it  was  exerted. 

b.  — His  criticism  of  the  Church. 

c.  — Ideas  of  Voltaire  on  governmental  reform. 

4.  — Encyclopedie:  character,  significance. 

5.  — Rousseau. 

a.  — Difference  between  Rousseau  and  the  En- 

cyclopaedists. 

b.  — Ideas  on  government. 

c.  — Ideas  on  religion. 

d.  — Ideas  on  education. 


i6 


B. 

Beginning  of  the  Reform  Movement. 

VI, — Enlightened  Despots  and  their  Reforms, 

1.  — Influence  of  French  thought  on  Europe. 

2.  — The  Reforms  of  Joseph  II  of  Austria. 

a.  — Political  reforms. 

b.  — Social  and  economic  reforms. 

c.  — Reform  of  the  Church — “ Josephism.’’ 

3.  — Revival  of  Spain  under  the  Bourbons. 

a.  — Ferdinand  VI,  1746-1759. 

b. — Charles  III,  1759-1788. 

(1)  Political  reorganization. 

(2)  Reform  of  the  Church. 

(3)  Economic  reform. 

4.  — Supression  of  the  Jesuit  Society. 

a.  — Reason  for  hostility  to  the  Jesuits. 

b.  — The  case  of  Pere  Lavalette  in  France. 

c.  — Suppression  of  the  society  in  Spain,  Portugal, 

and  Naples. 

d.  — Suppression  of  the  society  by  Pope  Clement 

XIV,  1773. 


V 


«> 


17 


B. 

Beginning  of  the  Reform  Movement. 

VII, — Attempted  Reform  under  Louis  XVI, 

1. — Condition  of  finances  at  the  accession  of  Louis  XVI. 

%, — Ministry  of  Turgot. 

a.  — Character  and  ideas  of  Turgot. 

b.  — Principal  reforms. 

c.  — Opposition  to  Turgot. 

d.  — Failure  of  his  reforms. 

3.  — Ministry  of  Necker:  increase  of  the  debt;  the  compte 

renduy  1781. 

4.  — Calonne  and  the  Assembly  of  Notables  of  1787. 

5.  — Brienne’s  ministry;  promise  of  an  Estates  General; 

^ recall  of  Necker. 


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i8  . 

C. 

The  Revolution  of  1789-1791. 

VIII, — Creation  of  the  National  Assembly, 

1.  — Decrees  of  December  1788  and  January  1789  calling 

the  Estates  General. 

2.  — Election  of  the  Estates  General. 

a.  — The  pamphlets  on  the  election. 

b.  — Method  of  election. 

c.  — The  cahiers:  how  drawn  up;  demands  made 

by  the  different  orders;  value  of  cahiers 
as  evidence  of  the  condition  of  France. 

3.  — Opening  of  the  Estates  General. 

a.  — Number  and  character  of  deputies. 

b.  — The  king’s  speech.  • 

4.  — Estates  General  transformed  into  National  Assemply. 

a.  — Dispute  over  procedure. 

b.  — Declaration  of  June  17. 

c.  — Royal  session,  June  23. 

d.  — Significance  of  the  creation  of  a National 

Assembly, 


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19 


c. 

The  Revolution  of  1789-1791. 

IX. — The  Popular  Revolutions  of  July,  1789. 

1.  — The  Paris  revolution, 

a. — Taking  of  the  Bastille:  cause  and  importance. 

b.  — Reorganization  of  the  Paris  government, 

July,  1789. 

2.  — Popular  uprisings  in  the  provinces,  January  to  July,  1789. 

3.  — Effect  of  the  Paris  revolution  upon  the  provinces. 

4.  — Revolutions  of  July  in  the  municipalities. 

5.  — Revolutions  of  July  in  the  country  districts. 

6.  — Events  of  August  4,  1789,  in  the  National  Assembly. 

7.  — The  Decrees  of  August  5-11,  1789. 

8.  — Modification  of  the  decrees  by  legislation  of  February 

to  June,  1790. 


i A ^ * 


20 


c. 

The  Revolution  of  1789-1791. 

X. — Constitutional  Legislation,  1789. 

1.  — Declaration  of  the  Rights  of  Man  and  the  Citizen. 

2.  — Committee  on  the  Constitution. 

a.  — Composition  of  the  committee. 

b.  — Debate  on  the  veto  and  the  two  chambers. 

c.  — Reorganization  of  the  committee. 

3.  — Events  of  October  5 and  6,  1789:  causes  and  importance. 

4.  — Ecclesiastical  legislation:  tithes  and  Church  property. 

5.  — Legislation  on  local  government,  December  14,  22,  1789. 


^ 7y 

33, TS- 


21 


c. 

The  Revolution  of  1789-1791. 

XI. — Constitutional  Legislation,  1790-1791. 

1.  — The  nobility:  legislation  on  feudal  rights,  February  to 

June,  1790;  abolition  of  the  nobility,  1790. 

2.  — Law  on  the  judical  system,  August  16,  1790. 

3.  — Legislation  on  industrial  organizations,  1791. 

4.  — Ecclesiastical  legislation. 

a.  — -Law  on  monastic  vows,  February  13,  1790. 

b.  — *The  Civil  Constitution  of  the  Clergy. 

c.  — The  law  on  the  clerical  oath,  November  27, 

1790. 

d.  — Law  on  the  Papacy,  June,  1791. 


22 


c. 

The  Revolution  of  1789-1791. 

XII. — The  King  and  the  Emigres. 

1.  — The  emigration:  location,  organization,  influence  of  the 

emigres. 

2.  — The  king  and  the  revolution. 

a.  — Attitude  of  the  king  up  to  October  5 and  6, 

1789. 

b.  — Accepts  the  Constitution,  February,  1790. 

c.  — The  king  and  the  Civil  Constitution. 

d.  — Flight  to  Varennes. 

e.  — The  king’s  justification  of  his  flight. 

3.  — Effect  of  the  king’s  flight. 

a.  — Measures  taken  by  the  assembly,  June  21 

—July  16,  1791. 

b.  — Growth  of  republicanism  at  Paris. 

(1)  The  affair  of  the  Champ  de  MarSy  July, 

1791. 

(2)  Attitude  of  the  Paris  clubs:  Jacobins, 
Feuillants,  Cordeliers. 

c.  — Effect  of  the  king’s  flight  upon  France  out- 

side of  Paris. 

(Ai  ^ 1^1  2- -2-,  S'5f7S'^S'l^ 


^3 


c. 

The  Revolution  of  1789-1791. 

XIII. — The  Constitution  of  1791. 

1.  — Revision  of  constitutional  legislation,  July- August,  1791.  • 

2.  — Final  draft  of  the  constitution,  and  the  king’s  letter 

of  acceptance,  September,  1791. 

3. ^ — Main  provisions  of  the  Constitution  of  1791. 

a.  — Sovereignty. 

b.  — Powers  of  the  king. 

c.  — Citizenship. 

d.  — Legislative  power. 

e.  — Local  government. 

f.  — Judicial  system. 

g. — Army. 

h.  — Method  of  amending. 


/,  f,  /«■?■ 

r 


24 


D. 

The  Pall  of  The  Monarchy. 

XIV. — The  Revolution  and  Foreign  Relations. 

1.  — Attitude  of  foreign  governments  in  1789  towards  the 

Revolution. 

2.  — Important  questions  raised  by  the  Revolution. 

a.  — Annexation  of  Avignon. 

b.  — Nootka  Sound  affair. 

c.  — The  question  of  the  rights  of  foreign  princes 

in  Alsace. 

3.  — Louis  XVI  and  foreign  courts. 

a.  — Correspondence  with  the  emigres. 

b.  — Correspondence  with  Austria. 

c.  — Letter  to  King  of  Prussia,  December,  1791. 

4.  — First  steps  towards  European  coalition. 

a.  — Padua  circular,  July,  1791. 

b.  — Declaration  of  Pilnitz,  August,  1791. 


The  Fall  of  The  Monarchy. 

XV. — Opening  of  the  Legislative  Assembly:  Party  Divisions. 

1.  — Establishment  of  party  divisions,  1789-1791. 

a.  — Party  divisions  at  opening  of  the  Estates 

General. 

b.  — Effect  of  flight  to  Varennes  on  party  de- 

velopment. 

c.  — Party  divisions  at  the  close  of  the  Constitu- 

ent National  Assembly. 

2.  — Party  divisions  in  the  Legislative  Assembly. 

a.  — Conditions  under  which  the  elections  to  the 

Legislative  Assembly  were  held. 

b.  — Party  divisions  at  the  opening  of  the  Legis- 

lative Assembly. 

c.  — The  principal  Paris  clubs  and  their  relation 

to  the  parties  in  the  Legislative  Assembly. 

3.  — General  attitude  of  classes  and  parties  towards  further 

reform  at  the  opening  of  the  Legislative  Assembly. 


26 


D. 

The  Fall  of  The  Monarchy. 

XVI, — The  War  with  Austria,  April  to  June,  1792. 

1.  — The  “Rejected  Decrees,”  December,  1791. 

2.  — Question  of  War  with  Austria. 

a.  — Attitude  of  the  king  and  the  court  towards 

war. 

b.  — Attitude  of  the  different  parties:  Feuillants, 

Girondins,  Jacobins. 

3.  — The  Girondin  ministry  of  Dumouriez,  March,  1792. 

a. — Why  Dumouriez  was  appointed. 

^ b. — Policy  of  Dumouriez. 

c.  — The  declaration  of  war  against  Austria, 

April  20. 

4.  — Failure  of  French  armies  in  Belgium,  and  the  fall  of 

Dumouriez. 


III  l^<n,  (T, 


27 


D. 

The  Fall  of  The  Monarchy. 

XVII, — The  Suspension  of  the  King, 

1.  — The  “Revolutionary  Decrees”  of  May  and  June,  1792. 

2.  — Events  at  Paris,  June  20  to  July  11. 

a.  — Paris  petition  to  the  Assembly. 

b.  — -Position  taken  by  the  Assembly  on  the  su- 

spension of  the  king. 

c.  — Decree  of  July  11. 

3.  — Attitude  of  the  provinces  on  the  suspension  of  the  king: 

difference  between  the  municipalities  and  the  De- 
partment governments  in  this  respect. 

4.  — The  FHe  oi  the  Federation  at  Paris,  July  14,  1792. 

5.  — The  Brunswick  Manifesto,  July  25,  1792. 

6.  — Insurrection  of  August  10,  1792. 

a.  — Beginning  of  the  insurrection. 

b.  — Reorganization  of  the  Commune,  August 

9-10. 

c.  — Attack  on  the  Tuileries  and  the  Assembly. 

d. — Decrees  of  the  Assembly,  August  10. 


I 


28 


D. 

The  Fall  of  The  Monarchy. 
XVIII, — The  Republic  Established, 


h-  - 


1.  — Effect  of  August  10  on  Europe. 

2.  — Invasion  of  France,  August  and  September,  1792. 

3.  — Rivalry  of  Assembly  and  Commune,  August  10-Sep tern 

ber  20,  1792. 


a.  — The  Tribunal  established  August  10  for 

trial  of  treason. 

b.  — The  popular  tribunals  and  the  “September 

massacers,”  September  2-6. 


4. — Establishment  of  the  Republic. 


a.  — Election  of  the  Convention. 

b.  — Instruction  of  the  deputies  with  respect 

to  the  abolition  of  Monarchy. 

c.  — Measures  of  the  Convention  by  which  the 

Republic  was  established,  September  21 
to  25,  1792. 


29 


D. 

The  Fall  of  The  Monarchy. 

XIX, — The  Convention  and  the  Propaganda. 

1.  — Party  divisions  in  the  Convention,  September,  1792. 

2.  — The  war  and  foreign  relations,  September  to  December, 

1792. 

a.  — Effect  of  abolition  of  monarchy  on  diplo- 

matic relations. 

b.  — Progress  of  the  war  in  Belgium:  Battle  of 

Jemappes. 

c.  — Annexation  of  Savoy  and  Nice. 

d.  — French  successes  on  the  middle  Rhine. 

(The  Mainz  Convention,  March,  1793.) 

3.  — The  propagandist  decrees  of  November  19  and  December 

15,  1792. 


l^  i,  /or, 


D. 

The  Fall  of  The  Monarchy. 


XX, — Execution  of  the  King  and  the  Formation  of  the  First 

Coalition, 

1. — Trial  and  execution  of  the  king. 


a.  — Debate  on  the  method  of  trial. 

b.  — Charges  against  the  king. 

c.  — Attitude  taken  by  the  Girondins  on  the  trial 

of  the  king. 

d.  — Vote  on  the  question  of  guilt. 

e.  — Vote  on  the  question  of  referring  to  the  people. 

f.  — Vote  on  the  penalty. 


2. — Formation  of  the  First  Coalition. 

a. — Effect  of  the  propaganda  and  the  execution 


on  foreign  governments. 

b.  — Rupture  between  England  and  France. 

c.  — Declaration  of  war  against  England. 

d.  — Influence  of  England  in  formation  of  the 

first  coalition. 

e.  — Agreement  of  the  allies  on  the  parition  of 

France. 

f.  — Successes  of  the  Coalition,  March  to  May, 

1793. 


31 


E. 

The  Reign  of  Terror. 

XXI, — Beginning  of  terror  government  under  the 
Convention, 

1.  — The  Provisory  Executive  Council. 

2. — The  Committee  of  General  Security. 

3.  — The  Committee  of  Public  Safety. 

a.  — Committee  of  Public  Defense,  January,  1793. 

b.  — Reorganization  as  the  first  Committee  of 

Public  Safety,  April,  1793. 

4.  — Representatives  on  Mission. 

a.  — Origin  of  the  Representatives  on  Mission. 

b.  — The  decree  of  April  20,  1793. 

c.  — Relation  of  the  Representatives  to  the  local 

governments. 

5.  — The  Revolutionary  Committees,  March  21,  1793. 

6.  — The  Revolutionary  Tribunal,  March  10,  1793. 


E. 

The  Reign  of  Terror. 

XXII, — The  Constitution  of  the  Year  1,  {June  21^^  1793,) 

1.  — The  question  of  a new  constitution. 

a.  — Committee  on  the  Constitution,  October, 

1792. 

b.  — Proceedings  of  the  committee,  and  its  re- 

port, February,  1793. 

c.  — Debates  in  the  Convention  on  the  constitu- 

tion, April  to  June,  1793. 

2.  — The  Paris  insurrection.  May  30  to  June  1,  1793. 

a.  — Causes  of. 

b.  — Action  of  Paris  Commune  and  the  Paris  mob. 

c.  — Arrest  of  the  Girondin  leaders. 

3.  — Bearing  of  the  Insurrection  on  the  adoption  of  the 

constitution. 


jm  I \ 


33 


E. 

The  Reign  of  Terror. 

XXIII, — The  Levee-en-Masse, 

1.  — Military  successes  of  the  Coalition,  June  to  August, 

1793. 

a.  — Dumouriez’s  treason  and  the  loss  of  Belgium. 

b.  — Prussian  successes  on  the  middle  Rhine. 

c.  — Austrian  army  in  Alsace. 

d.  — Spanish  army  in  France. 

e.  — ^English  at  Toulon. 

2.  — Internal  insurrection  in  the  summer  of  1793. 

a.  — Royalist  insurrections  in  La  Vendee. 

b.  — Federalist  and  royalist  insurrections  in 

Normandy. 

c.  — Insurrections  at  Lyons  and  Marseilles. 

3.  — The  second  Committee  of  Public  Safety,  July  1793. 

a.  — Composition  of  the  committee. 

b.  — The  levee-en-massey  August,  1793. 

c.  — Carnot  and  the  reorganization  of  the  army. 


34 


E. 

The  Reign  of  Terror. 

XXIV, — The  Laws  of  September, 

1.  — The  Law  of  the  Maximum. 

a.  — Earlier  use  of  the  principle  in  Paris. 

b.  — Provisions  of  the  law  of  September  29, 1793. 

c.  — Provisions  of  the  decree  of  October  10  with 

respect  to  supplies. 

2.  — Law  of  Suspects,  September,  1793. 

3.  — ^Reorganization  of  the  Revolutionary  Tribunal. 

4.  — ^Trial  and  execution  of  the  Girondin  leaders. 

.5 — Trial  and  execution  of  Marie  Antoinette. 


E. 

The  Reign  of  Terror. 

XXV. — Final  Organization  of  the  Terror:  Repulse  of  the 

Coalition. 

1.  — Adjournment  of  the  Constitution  of  the  Year  1. 

a.  — Vote  on  the  new  constitution. 

b.  — Proclamation  fixed  for  August  10,  1793. 

c.  — The  decree  of  October  10. 

2.  — The  Organic  Decree  on  the  Revolutionary  Government, 

December  4,  1793. 

a.  — Main  provisions  of  the  decree. 

b.  — Reason  for  promulgating  it. 

3.  — Military  successes  of  France,  August  to  December,  1793. 

a.  — Successes  in  Belgium:  battle  of  Wittignies. 

b.  — Recovery  of  Toulon. 

c.  — Divisions  among  the  allies. 


36 


E. 

The  Reign  of  Terror. 

XXVI. — Fall  of  Hebert  and  Danton. 

1.  — The  Hebertist  party. 

a.  — Influence  of  the  Hebertists  in  organizing  the 

Terror. 

b.  — Religious  policy  of  the  Hebertists. 

(1)  The  Revolutionary  Calendar. 

(2)  The  ‘Worship  of  Reason’  in  Paris  and  in 
the  Convention. 

(3)  Significance  of  the  movement  for  “de- 
christianization.  ” 

2.  — Robespierre  and  the  Hebertists. 

a.  — -Robespierre’s  reason  for  opposing  Hebert. 

b.  — Alliance  of  Robespierre  and  Danton. 

c.  — Fall  of  Hebert,  March  24,  1794. 

3.  — Danton  and  the  policy  of  moderation. 

a.  — Causes  of  the  reaction  against  the  Terror. 

b.  — Robespierre’s  attack  on  Danton. 

c.  — Fall^of  Danton,  April,  1794. 


t 


37 


E. 

The  Reign  of  Terror. 

XXVII,— Supremacy  and  Fall  of  Robespierre: 

1.  — Character  and  Influence  of  Robespierre. 

2.  — Religious  policy  of  Robespierre. 

s. — Source  of  his  religious  ideas. 

b.  — His  opposition  to  the  Worship  of  Reason. 

c.  — Decree  on  the  Worship  of  the  Supreme  Being. 

d.  — Significance  of  the  new  religion. 

3.  — ^Accentuation  of  the  Terror  under  Robespierre. 

a.  — Robespierre’s  defense  of  terror  methods. 

b.  — Reorganization  of  Revolutionary  Tribunal. 

c.  — Reorganization  of  the  Paris  Commune. 

d.  — Abolition  of  the  Provisory  Executive  Council. 

4.  — The  fall  of  Robespierre. 

a.  — Reason  for  growing  opposition  to  Robe- 

spierre. 

b.  — Events  of  8-10  Thermidor  (July,  1794.) 


38 


F. 

Reaction:  The  Directory. 

XXVIII . — Period  of  Thermidor:  July,  179 to 
October,  1795. 

1.  — Party  changes  in  the  Convention  after  10  Thermidor. 

2.  — Gradual  modification  of  Terror  government. 

a.  — Changed  character  of  Committee  of  Safety. 

b.  — Reorganization  of  the  Tribunal. 

c.  — Disappearance  of  the  revolutionary  com- 

mittees and  clubs. 

3.  — Religious  policy  of  the  Thermidorians. 

a.  — Growing  Catholic  reaction. 

b.  — Decrees  of  February  21,  May  30,  and 

September  29,  1795. 

4.  — Royalist  reaction. 

a.  — Recall  of  the  Girondins. 

b.  — Return  of  the  emigres 

c.  — Closing  of  the  Jacobin  Club. 


39 


F. 

Reaction:  The  Directory. 

XXIX. — The  Constitution  of  the  Year  III. 

1 .  — Establishment  ^of  peace. 

a.  — Treaty  of  Basle,  April,  1795. 

b.  — Treaty  of  the  Hague,  May,  1795. 

2.  — Babeuf  and  the  republican  insurrections  of  April  and 

May,  1795. 

3.  — The  new  constitution  of  the  Year  III  (1795.) 

a.  — How  drawn  up,  and  by  whom. 

b.  — The  Two  Thirds  provision. 

, - c. — Vote  on  the  constitution  and  on  the  Two 

Thirds  provision. 

d. — The  13  Vendemiaire,  (October  5,  1795.) 

4.  — Main  provisions  of  the  new  constitution. 

a.  — Declaration  of  Rights. 

b.  — Citizenship. 

c.  — Executive  and  legislative  power. 

d.  — Local  government. 


40 


F. 

Reaction:  The  Directory. 

XXX, — Royalist  reaction:  the  18  Fructidor, 

1.  — Establishment  of  the  new  government. 

a.  — Elections. 

b.  — The  first  Directors. 

c.  — Parties  in  the  legislative  councils. 

2.  — Policy  of  the  new  government. 

3.  — Babeuf  and  the  socialistic  conspiracies  of  1796-1797. 

4.  — Royalist  conspiracy. 

a.  — Elections  of  the  Year  V (1797.) 

b.  — Increase  of  royalist  influence  in  the  councils. 

c.  — Vote  on  the  reorganization  of  the  army, 

13  Fructidor, 

5.  — The  coup  d'etat  of  18  Fructidor  (September  4,  1797.) 

a.  — How  carried  out. 

b.  — Significance  of. 


41 


F. 

Reaction:  The  Directory. 

XXXI. — Rise  of  Bonaparte. 

1.  — Changed  character  of  the  French  armies,  1796-1797. 

2.  — Campaigns  of  1796  and  1797  in  Italy  and  Germany. 

3.  — The  Peace  of  Campo  Formio,  1797. 

4.  — The  Egyptian  expedition. 

5.  — The  second  Coalition  and  the  campaign  of  1798  and 

1799. 


42 


M 

F. 

Reaction:  The  Directory. 

XXXII, — The  18  Brumaire  and  the  Constitution  of  the 

Year  VIII, 

1.  — Conditions  in  France  when  Bonaparte  returned  from 

Egypt. 

a.  — Status  of  the  war. 

b.  — Internal  difficulties  of  the  Directory. 

2.  — The  coup  d'etat  of  18  Brumaire  (November  8,  1799.) 

a.  — Union  of  Sieyes  and  Bonaparte. 

b.  — Council  of  Ancients  join  the  conspiracy. 

c.  — Events  of  18  and  19  Brumaire, 

3.  — Constitution  of  the  Year  VIII  (1799.) 

a.  — How  drawn  up. 

b.  — Main  provisions. 

4.  — General  attitude  of  France  towards  Bonaparte  in  1799. 


■fv. 


I 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 

i 944.04  B388F  C001 

* French  Revolution  1789-1799 ; a syllabus 


